{"id":8801,"date":"2022-11-20T21:14:40","date_gmt":"2022-11-20T18:14:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/?page_id=8801"},"modified":"2022-12-17T01:11:29","modified_gmt":"2022-12-16T22:11:29","slug":"alergolog","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/alergolog\/","title":{"rendered":"Alergolog"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Un specialist \u00een alergii sau un alergolog este un doctor cu preg\u0103tire medical\u0103 pentru a trata alergiile \u0219i bolile alergice. Speciali\u0219tii din acest domeniu al medicinei \u00ee\u0219i combin\u0103 adesea rolul de alergolog cu cel de imunolog, o disciplin\u0103 mai larg\u0103 care se ocup\u0103, de asemenea, de tratamentul alergiilor. \u00cen lumea medical\u0103, ambele sunt considerate de obicei subdomenii ale pediatriei sau ale medicinei interne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Studiul alergiilor \u0219i al hipersensibilit\u0103\u021bii sistemului imunitar se nume\u0219te alergologie, astfel c\u0103 un alergolog este un om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 care studiaz\u0103 \u0219i practic\u0103 \u00een acest domeniu. Dup\u0103 cum s-a men\u021bionat mai sus, imunologii sunt, de asemenea, preg\u0103ti\u021bi \u00een alergologie, iar speciali\u0219ti din alte discipline pot fi, de asemenea, implica\u021bi \u00een tratamentul alergiilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>C\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 consulta\u021bi un alergolog<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pute\u021bi consulta un medic dac\u0103 ave\u021bi simptome despre care crede\u021bi c\u0103 sunt cauzate de alergii, iar medicamentele f\u0103r\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103 pentru alergii nu v\u0103 u\u0219ureaz\u0103 suficient. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi simptome dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi \u00eenceput s\u0103 lua\u021bi un medicament nou, suna\u021bi imediat medicul care vi l-a prescris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Diagnostic \u0219i tratament:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rinita alergic\u0103 \u2013 un nas \u00eenfundat de natur\u0103 alergic\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alergie la animale<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Astmul bron\u0219ic atopic (este o boal\u0103 a bronhiilor cu caracter allergic)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dermatit\u0103 atopic\u0103, neurodermatit\u0103 \u2013 inflama\u021bie a pielii de natur\u0103 alergic\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alergii de uz casnic \u2013 alergii la praf, acarieni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Urticaria (este o inflama\u021bie a pielii de natur\u0103 alergic\u0103)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alergie la medicamente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alergie la mancare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Polinoza etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Cauzele alergiilor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O alergie \u00eencepe atunci c\u00e2nd sistemul imunitar confund\u0103 o substan\u021b\u0103 \u00een mod normal inofensiv\u0103 cu un invadator periculos. Sistemul imunitar produce apoi anticorpi care r\u0103m\u00e2n preg\u0103ti\u021bi pentru alergenul respectiv. Atunci c\u00e2nd intra\u021bi din nou \u00een contact cu alergenul, ace\u0219ti anticorpi pot elibera o serie de substan\u021be chimice ale sistemului imunitar, cum ar fi histamina, care provoac\u0103 simptome de alergie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Factorii declan\u0219atori obi\u0219nui\u021bi ai alergiilor includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alergeni aeropurta\u021bi, cum ar fi polenul, p\u0103rul; animale, acarieni \u0219i mucegaiuri;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anumite alimente, \u00een special arahidele, nucile, gr\u00e2ul, soia, pe\u0219tele, crustaceele, ou\u0103le \u0219i laptele;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mu\u0219c\u0103turi de insecte, cum ar fi albinele sau viespile;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Medicamente, \u00een special penicilina sau antibioticele pe baz\u0103 de penicilin\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Latex sau alte substan\u021be pe care le atinge\u021bi \u0219i care pot provoca reac\u021bii alergice ale pielii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Simptomele comune:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u00e2nc\u0103rime, ro\u0219ea\u021b\u0103 a pielii, erup\u021bii cutanate;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Str\u0103nut\u0103 frecvent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lacrimarea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dispnee \u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Edemul lui Quincke<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Respira\u021bie \u0219uier\u0103toare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nas curg\u0103tor persistent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tulbur\u0103ri digestive inexplicabile<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cenfr\u00e2ngerea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oboseal\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Malaise<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cre\u0219terea temperaturii<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Infec\u021bii frecvente etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Factori de risc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Este posibil s\u0103 fi\u021bi mai predispus la apari\u021bia alergiilor dac\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ave\u021bi antecedente familiale de astm sau alergii, cum ar fi febra f\u00e2nului, urticarie sau eczeme;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sunte\u021bi un minor;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suferi\u021bi de astm sau de o alt\u0103 boal\u0103 alergic\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Complica\u021bii<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Faptul de a avea alergii cre\u0219te riscul apari\u021biei altor c\u00e2teva probleme medicale, printre care:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anafilaxie. Dac\u0103 suferi\u021bi de alergii severe, ave\u021bi un risc crescut de a avea aceast\u0103 reac\u021bie grav\u0103 indus\u0103 de alergii. Alimentele, medicamentele \u0219i \u00een\u021bep\u0103turile de insecte sunt cei mai comuni factori declan\u0219atori ai anafilaxiei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astm. Dac\u0103 suferi\u021bi de alergii, ave\u021bi mai multe \u0219anse s\u0103 face\u021bi astm, o reac\u021bie a sistemului imunitar care v\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 c\u0103ile respiratorii \u0219i respira\u021bia. \u00cen multe cazuri, astmul este declan\u0219at de expunerea la un alergen din mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor (astm indus de alergie).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sinuzit\u0103 \u0219i infec\u021bii ale urechii sau ale pl\u0103m\u00e2nilor. Riscul de a contracta aceste boli este mai mare dac\u0103 suferi\u021bi de febra f\u00e2nului sau de astm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>O alergie la o mu\u0219c\u0103tur\u0103 de insect\u0103 poate provoca:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Umfl\u0103tur\u0103 mare la locul \u00een\u021bep\u0103turii;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e2nc\u0103rimi sau erup\u021bii cutanate pe tot corpul;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tuse, senza\u021bie de ap\u0103sare \u00een piept, respira\u021bie \u0219uier\u0103toare sau dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anafilaxie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Alergiile la medicamente pot provoca:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Urticarie;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e2nc\u0103rimi ale pielii;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Erup\u021bie cutanat\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Umflarea fe\u021bei;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dificult\u0103\u021bi de respira\u021bie;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anafilaxie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dermatita atopic\u0103, o afec\u021biune alergic\u0103 a pielii numit\u0103 \u0219i eczem\u0103, poate provoca:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u00e2nc\u0103rime;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cenro\u0219ire;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Desprindere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Efectu\u0103m:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Consultare: luarea anamnezei, examinarea, studierea rezultatelor analizelor, diagnosticarea, elaborarea unui program individual de investiga\u0163ii, selectarea unui program de tratament.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Acordarea serviciilor&nbsp; medicale calificate folosind metode moderne de diagnostic, tratament \u0219i reabilitare, determinarea tacticilor de gestionare a pacien\u021bilor \u00een conformitate cu standardele stabilite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pe baza colect\u0103rii datelor clinice a anamnezei, a datelor studiilor clinice \u0219i de laborator \u0219i a metodelor de diagnostica instrumental\u0103 \u2013 preciz\u0103m diagnostic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cen conformitate cu standardele stabilite, prescriereaea \u0219i controlul tratamentului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Un control eficient al alergiilor poate fi considerat ca av\u00e2nd dou\u0103 etape:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>evitarea factorilor declan\u0219atori de alergeni, pentru a reduce probabilitatea apari\u021biei unei reac\u021bii alergice;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>utilizarea tratamentelor \u0219i a altor m\u0103suri de reducere a simptomelor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Anafilaxie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unele alergii, inclusiv alergiile alimentare \u0219i \u00een\u021bep\u0103turile de insecte, pot provoca o reac\u021bie sever\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de anafilaxie. Anafilaxia poate duce la un \u0219oc care pune via\u021ba \u00een pericol. Semnele \u0219i simptomele anafilaxiei includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pierderea cuno\u0219tin\u021bei;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sc\u0103derea tensiunii arteriale;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dificult\u0103\u021bi severe de respira\u021bie;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Erup\u021bii cutanate;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ame\u021beli u\u0219oare;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Puls rapid, slab;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i v\u0103rs\u0103turi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Orice persoan\u0103 expus\u0103 riscului de anafilaxie (o reac\u021bie alergic\u0103 brusc\u0103 \u0219i sever\u0103) va fi sf\u0103tuit\u0103 s\u0103 aib\u0103 asupra sa un autoinjector care con\u021bine o doz\u0103 de medicament ce \u00eei poate salva via\u021ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0103strarea alergenilor \u00een afara casei dvs. este o strategie ra\u021bional\u0103, iar unele m\u0103suri eficiente de prevenire a alergenilor includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>aer condi\u021bionat;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dezumidificatoare de aer;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>huse pentru saltele sau perne pentru a preveni apari\u021bia acarienilor;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ochelari de soare pentru a \u00eempiedica polenul s\u0103 v\u0103 intre \u00een ochi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>evitarea provocatorilor de alergii alimentare (alimente care provoac\u0103 simptome de alergie).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un specialist \u00een alergii sau un alergolog este un doctor cu preg\u0103tire medical\u0103 pentru a trata alergiile \u0219i bolile alergice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8801","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8801"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9048,"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8801\/revisions\/9048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}