{"id":8754,"date":"2022-11-20T18:59:21","date_gmt":"2022-11-20T15:59:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/?page_id=8754"},"modified":"2022-11-20T21:00:09","modified_gmt":"2022-11-20T18:00:09","slug":"cardiologia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/cardiologia\/","title":{"rendered":"Cardiologia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Cardiologia&nbsp;(din lat.&nbsp;cardio-inima \u015fi&nbsp;logia&nbsp;\u2013 \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103)&nbsp;prezint\u0103 un domeniu al medicinii care studiaz\u0103 structura, func\u0163ia&nbsp;inimii, bolile cardiace \u015fi vasculare, cauzele apari\u0163iei lor,&nbsp;mecanismele dezvolt\u0103rii, manifest\u0103rile clinice \u00een cardiologie,&nbsp;diagnosticarea \u015fi metodele tratamentului \u00een cardiologie (inclusiv&nbsp;\u015fi chirurgicale), c\u00eet \u015fi profilaxia, reabilitarea medical\u0103 a&nbsp;pacien\u0163ilor cu leziuni ale sistemului cardiovascular.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Principalii factori de risc ai maladiilor&nbsp;cardiovasculare sunt:<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>V\u00eersta \u2013 peste 45 ani b\u0103rba\u0163i \u015fi peste 50 ani femei.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Nivelul majorat al colesterolului \u2013 mai mult de 5,2 mmol \/l.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Nivelul majorat al lipoproteinelor de densitate minor\u0103 \u015fi&nbsp;nivelul sc\u0103zut al lipoproteinelor de densitate major\u0103.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Sedentarismul (sau hipodinamia).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Fumatul.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Excesul de alcool.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Patologii asociate (\u00een special, diabet zaharat,&nbsp;tireotoxicoz\u0103, afec\u0163iuni renale, climaxteriu (menopauz\u0103) etc.).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Factori ereditari (numeroase maladii cardiace se transmit&nbsp;prin ereditate, cum ar fi hipertensiunea arterial\u0103, ischemia&nbsp;cardiac\u0103).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Stresul ca unul din cei mai importanti factori de risc \u00een&nbsp;dezvoltarea bolilor cardiovasculare.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cea mai r\u00eesp\u00eendit\u0103 boal\u0103 de inim\u0103 cu care se confrunt\u0103&nbsp;cel mai frecvent \u00een practic\u0103 cardiologii&nbsp; este hipertensiunea&nbsp;arterial\u0103 \u015fi boala ischemic\u0103 (infarctul miocardic \u015fi angina&nbsp;pectoral\u0103).O aten\u0163ie deosebit\u0103 trebuie acordat\u0103&nbsp;hipertensiunii arteriale. Cardiologii, \u00een raport cu hipertensiunea&nbsp;arterial\u0103, uneori utilizeaz\u0103 sintagma \u00abasasin silen\u0163ios\u00bb.Aceast\u0103 stigmatizare a hipertensiunii arteriale se datoreaz\u0103&nbsp;faptului c\u0103 aceast\u0103 afec\u0163iune, \u00eencetul cu \u00eencetul, pe parcursul&nbsp;multor ani induce schimb\u0103ri ireversibile \u00een organismul uman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hipertensiunea&nbsp;arterial\u0103 conduce la dezvoltarea&nbsp; urm\u0103toarelor complica\u0163ii:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Accident vascular cerebral&nbsp;(ishemic \u015fi hemoragic).<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Angin\u0103 pectoral\u0103 \u015fi infarct&nbsp;miocardic.&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Insuficien\u0163\u0103 renal\u0103 cronic\u0103.&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Disfunc\u0163ii ale vederii.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Lezarea arterelor&nbsp;extremit\u0103\u0163ilor inferioare<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Conform celor mai recente recomand\u0103ri ale Organiza\u0163iei&nbsp;Mondiale a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii, din 1999, nivelul&nbsp; tensiunii&nbsp;arteriale se consider\u0103 normal sub 130\/85 mm Hg, nivelul tensiunii&nbsp;dintre 130\/85 \u015fi 140\/90 mm Hg se consider\u0103 \u00eenalt-normal, dar&nbsp;tensiunea de 140\/90 mm Hg \u015fi mai ridicat\u0103 este considerat\u0103 deja<br>hipertonie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Actualmente, exist\u0103 o diversitate de medicamente pentru combaterea&nbsp;tensiunii arteriale. Tehnologiile moderne permit prescrierea&nbsp;preparatelor antihipertensive \u00een doze de administrare convenabile \u2013&nbsp;o dat\u0103-de dou\u0103 ori \u00een zi. Cu toate acestea, \u00een cele mai multe&nbsp;cazuri la tratarea hipertensiunii arteriale este oportun tratamentul&nbsp;combinat (asocierea a dou\u0103 sau a mai multor preparate). \u015ei \u00een&nbsp;aceast\u0103 situa\u0163ie este nevoie de consulta\u0163ia cardiologului, pentru&nbsp;a determina cea mai eficient\u0103 combinare a preparatelor&nbsp;medicamentoase. Este necesar\u0103, de asemenea, examinarea&nbsp;clinic\u0103 \u015fi de laborator a pacientului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De re\u0163inut c\u0103 este mai lesne de prevenit dezvoltarea&nbsp;complica\u0163iilor de hipertensiune arterial\u0103 \u015fi ale altor boli&nbsp;cardiovasculare, dec\u00eet tratarea ulterioar\u0103 a acestora.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cardiologia&nbsp;(din lat.&nbsp;cardio-inima \u015fi&nbsp;logia&nbsp;\u2013 \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103)&nbsp;prezint\u0103 un domeniu al medicinii care studiaz\u0103 structura, func\u0163ia&nbsp;inimii, bolile cardiace \u015fi vasculare, cauzele apari\u0163iei lor,&nbsp;mecanismele dezvolt\u0103rii,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8754","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8754"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8778,"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8754\/revisions\/8778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiomed.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}